Blog Post #6: How does our garden grow?

1) So far, our plant seems to be growing. This isn't without help from different processes within the plant, and it takes a lot of energy to keep the plant consistently growing. Where does the plant get all of it's energy? The plants get all of this energy from photosynthesis, which is a process that carbon dioxide and sunlight to create energy. In order to collect sunlight, the leaves of a plant contain mesophyl cells that have chloroplasts. This is the main area of photosynthesis occurs, and absorbs the light energy from the sun (or sometimes artificial lighting). This energy is stored as ATP, which helps change carbon dioxide into glucose. This glucose is used to help feed the plant.

The plant then needs to get the energy ,or ATP, from the glucose that the plants had created in photosynthesis. This is done in a process called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration begins with glucose being broken down in the cytoplasm of a cell. Then, the pyruvate molecules are transported to the mitochondria, which converts the pyruvate molecules get converted into a 2-carbon molecule. Lastly, the energy in the carriers enter an electron train, which is used to produce ATP.

Another important process in order to help our plant grow is mitosis, which divides the cells of a plant and uses them to create new, duplicate plant cells. In the first stage of mitosis, the chromosomes in the nucleus are copied, then the chromatids are pulled apart and moved towards the edges of the cell. To copy these chromosomes, the DNA strands inside them are unzipped, then each strand is copied to make another strand to take the other strand's place. Then, the chromosomes separate and the cell divides.

2) PKG and Rubisco are two types of proteins, which are made through protein synthesis, which is broken into two parts, transcription and translation. The process starts with transcription, which copies information encoded in DNA into a RNA. This uses one strand of the DNA double helix as a template. Then, the RNA molecule is sent to the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm helps to bring all of the required components for synthesis; amino acids, transport RNAs, ribosomes, etc. In the cytoplasm, protein polymers are "synthesized" through chemical reactions.

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